❶ 我国古代的发明家
1，张衡
东汉时期，也就是距今约一千八百多年前(公元117年)，一台利用水力推动运转的专大型天属文仪器――“水运浑象”在东汉的京都洛阳制造成功。相隔二十年后(公元138年)，安置在京都洛阳的又一台仪器――“候风地动仪”，准确地报告了西方千里之外发生的地震。这标志着人类开始了用仪器记录研究地震的新纪元。
2，蔡伦
纸的发明家蔡伦的名字也许鲜为人知。与他的重大发明相比，他在西方受到忽视的程度的确使人瞠目，有些大部头的网络全书里甚至没有一篇短文提及到他，他的名字在标准的历史教程中也很少提到。由于纸的重要性显而易知，所以有关蔡伦史料的缺乏会使人们认为他这个人物是纯属虚构。但是经过仔细研究就清楚地说明蔡伦确有其人。
3，毕升
发明创造：活字印刷术的发明者
4，杜诗
杜诗 ，（?-38）东汉机械工程家。字君公。河南汲县（今河南）人。光武帝时，为侍御史。建武七年（公元31年），任南阳太守时，创造水排（水力鼓风机），以水力传动机械，使皮制的鼓风囊连续开合，将空气送入冶铁炉，铸造农具，用力少而见效多。
望采纳，谢谢。
❷ 目前.中国最有名的发明家是谁他的作品是什么谢谢....
袁隆平：世界杂交水稻之父简介
袁隆平1930年9月1日（农历七月初九）出生于北京协和医院。祖籍江西省德安县。
袁隆平的童年正处在中国时局动荡、国难当头的抗日战争时期。1938年秋，8岁的袁隆平随父母从汉口经湖南桃源、湖北宜昌去四川，1939年抵达重庆。先后在汉口扶轮小学，湖南弘毅小学，重庆龙门浩中心小学、复兴初级中学、赣江中学、博学中学读书；1948年2月，袁隆平进入南京中央大学附中读书。
在求学阶段，袁隆平肯动脑筋，不读死书，善于思索，被老师称为“爱提问的学生”。一次，参观园艺场的偶然机会，引起了袁隆平对大自然神奇的幻想而立志学农。1949年，袁隆平考入重庆相辉学院农学系（1952年全国院系调整时并入西南农学院）。
1953年8月大学毕业后分配到湖南省安江农校任教，讲授俄语、植物、作物栽培、遗传育种等课程。1964年2月，与农技干部邓哲结婚。在安江农校长达18年的教学生涯中，袁隆平一面教学，一面从事生产实践，选择课题进行科学研究。
20世纪60年代初，袁隆平带领学生下农村生产实习，目睹了农村粮食短缺、群众生活困难的现状，决心从农作物品种改良入手，探索科技兴农之路，与饥饿和灾荒作斗争。
1964年，袁隆平在我国率先开展水稻杂种优势利用研究，并提出通过培育雄性不育系、雄性不育保持系和雄性不育恢复系的三系法途径来培育杂交水稻，以大幅度提高水稻产量。
但工作刚刚起步，就开始了“文化大革命”。在上级有关部门的支持下，他避开干扰，依靠社会主义的大协作精神，带领助手刻苦钻研，克服种种困难，经过10年奋战，终于攻克了三系法杂交水稻研究中的难题。1972年袁隆平与同事们一起率先育成我国第一个实用的水稻雄性不育系及其保持系“二九南1号”，并于1973年实现“三系”配套，1974年选育成第一个强优组合“南优2号”，1975年研究出一整套生产杂交种子的制种技术，1976年开始，杂交水稻在全国大面积推广，比常规稻平均增产20%左右。由此，袁隆平成为世界上第一个成功地将水稻杂种优势应用于生产的科学家。
1980年以来，袁隆平又先后育成“威优64”、“威优49”等几个大面积推广的早熟、多抗新组合。1987年，两系法杂交水稻研究列入国家“863”计划，袁隆平挂帅开展全国性的协作攻关。历经九年的艰苦攻关，1995年，两系法杂交水稻研究成功，普遍比同熟期的三系杂交稻每亩增产5%—10%。
1998年，袁隆平主持的长江流域两系法杂交早籼稻选育研究获得突破，育成优质、高产、早中熟的两系早籼稻组合，为解决长期以来长江流域早籼稻米质不好、产量不高的难题提供了有力的技术支撑。
1998年，超级杂交稻研究被列为国家“863计划”重点项目，袁隆平出任首席责任专家；2000年，超级杂交稻实现百亩示范片亩产700公斤的第一期目标；2004年，超级杂交稻实现百亩示范片亩产800公斤的第二期目标；现正朝着百亩示范片亩产900公斤的第三期目标努力，计划到2010年实现。www.MRZL.COM。
由于开展杂交水稻研究的需要，袁隆平1971年2月从安江农校调到湖南省农业科学院杂交水稻研究协作组工作。1978年晋升为研究员。1982年和1985年先后被湖南农学院和西南农业大学聘为兼职教授。
为加强和协调杂交水稻的科学研究，1984年成立了全国性的杂交水稻专门研究机构——湖南杂交水稻研究中心，袁隆平任中心主任。1995年，国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心成立，袁隆平任主任。
1995年，袁隆平当选为中国工程院院士，2006年4月当选美国科学院外籍院士。现任全国政协常委、湖南省政协副主席、国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心与湖南杂交水稻研究中心主任，受聘为联合国粮农组织首席顾问。
❸ 中国古代的大发明家有那些
第一名：莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(意大利)
最著名的发明：计算器
提到达·芬奇和他的发明时，你最好问这样的问题：“什么东西不是他发明的？”因为他发明的东西实在太多了。达·芬奇的工作日志里绘有许多东西的设计图，但其中最值得一提的就是计算器的设计。试想如果缺少简单的复杂的数学运算，那科学将会是什么样子。
达·芬奇堪称文艺复兴开山鼻祖，他能画(比如杰作《蒙娜丽莎》)，能雕塑，也能发明。他那至今令全世界着迷的日记，描绘勾勒了从人体到直升机和坦克的很多事物。
最酷的事实：达·芬奇日记长达13000多页，至今仍在影响科学研究。2005年，一名英国外科医生还利用达·芬奇设计的方法做心脏修复手术，这件事情本身就让人吃惊，你若知道达·芬奇当时连人体循环系统工作机理的一点概念都没有时，那简直就是惊诧了。
❹ 发明家资料
Thomas Edison, 1847-1931 America's Great Inventor
Edison is remembered most for the electric light, phonograph and his work with motion pictures.
ANNOUNCER:
Welcome to the VOA Special English program, People in America. Today, Sarah Long and Bob Doughty tell about the inventor Thomas Alva Edison. He had a major effect on the lives of people around the world. Thomas Edison is remembered most for the electric light, his phonograph and his work with motion pictures.
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
Thomas Edison's major inventions were designed and built in the last years of the eighteen hundreds. However, most of them had their greatest effect in the twentieth century. His inventions made possible the progress of technology.
It is extremely difficult to find anyone living today who has not been affected in some way by Thomas Edison. Most people on Earth have seen some kind of motion picture or heard some kind of sound recording. And almost everyone has at least seen an electric light.
These are only three of the many devices Thomas Edison invented or helped to improve. People living in this century have had easier and more enjoyable lives because of his inventions.
VOICE TWO:
Thomas Alva Edison was born on February eleventh, eighteen forty-seven in the small town of Milan, Ohio. He was the youngest of seven children.
Thomas Edison was self-taught. He went to school for only three months. His teacher thought he could not learn because he had a mental problem. But young Tom Edison could learn. He learned from books and he experimented.
At the age of ten, he built his own chemical laboratory. He experimented with chemicals and electricity. He built a telegraph machine and quickly learned to send and receive telegraph messages. At the time, sending electric signals over wires was the fastest method of sending information long distances. At the age of sixteen, he went to work as a telegraph operator.
He later worked in many different places. He continued to experiment with electricity. When he was twenty-one, he sent the United States government the documents needed to request the legal protection for his first invention. The government gave him his first patent on an electric device he called an Electrographic Vote Recorder. It used electricity to count votes in an election.
VOICE ONE:
In the summer months of eighteen sixty-nine, the Western Union Telegraph Company asked Thomas Edison to improve a device that was used to send financial information. It was called a stock printer. Mister Edison very quickly made great improvements in the device. The company paid him forty thousand dollars for his effort. That was a lot of money for the time.
This large amount of money permitted Mister Edison to start his own company. He announced that the company would improve existing telegraph devices and work on new inventions.
Mister Edison told friends that his new company would invent a minor device every ten days and proce what he called a "big trick" about every six months. He also proposed that his company would make inventions to order. He said that if someone needed a device to do some kind of work, just ask and it would be invented.
VOICE TWO:
Within a few weeks Thomas Edison and his employees were working on more than forty different projects. They were either new inventions or would lead to improvements in other devices. Very quickly he was asking the United States government for patents to protect more than one hundred devices or inventions each year. He was an extremely busy man. But then Thomas Edison was always very busy.
He almost never slept more than four or five hours a night. He usually worked eighteen hours each day because he enjoyed what he was doing. He believed no one really needed much sleep. He once said that anyone could learn to go without sleep.
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
Thomas Edison did not enjoy taking to reporters. He thought it was a waste of time. However, he did talk to a reporter in nineteen seventeen. He was seventy years old at the time and still working on new devices and inventions.
The reporter asked Mister Edison which of his many inventions he enjoyed the most. He answered quickly, the phonograph. He said the phonograph was really the most interesting. He also said it took longer to develop a machine to reproce sound than any other of his inventions.
Thomas Edison told the reporter that he had listened to many thousands of recordings. He especially liked music by Brahms, Verdi and Beethoven. He also liked popular music.
Many of the recordings that Thomas Edison listened to in nineteen seventeen can still be enjoyed today. His invention makes it possible for people around the world to enjoy the same recorded sound.
VOICE TWO:
The reporter also asked Thomas Edison what was the hardest invention to develop. He answered quickly again -- the electric light. He said that it was the most difficult and the most important.
Before the electric light was invented, light was provided in most homes and buildings by oil or natural gas. Both caused many fires each year. Neither one proced much light.
Mister Edison had seen a huge and powerful electric light. He believed that a smaller electric light would be extremely useful.He and his employees began work on the electric light.
VOICE ONE:
An electric light passes electricity through material called a filament or wire. The electricity makes the filament burn and proce light. Thomas Edison and his employees worked for many months to find the right material to act as the filament.
Time after time a new filament would proce light for a few moments and then burn up. At last Mister Edison found that a carbon fiber proced light and lasted a long time without burning up. The electric light worked.
At first, people thought the electric light was extremely interesting but had no value. Homes and businesses did not have electricity. There was no need for it.
Mister Edison started a company that provided electricity for electric lights for a small price each month. The small company grew slowly at first. Then it expanded rapidly. His company was the beginning of the electric power instry.
VOICE TWO:
Thomas Edison also was responsible for the very beginnings of the movie instry. While he did not invent the idea of the motion picture, he greatly improved the process. He also invented the modern motion picture film.
When motion pictures first were shown in the late eighteen hundreds, people came to see movies of almost anything -- a ship, people walking on the street, new automobiles. But in time, these moving pictures were no longer interesting.
In nineteen-oh-three, an employee of Thomas Edison's motion picture company proced a movie with a story. It was called "The Great Train Robbery." It told a simple story of a group of western criminals who steal money from a train. Later they are killed by a group of police in a gun fight. The movie was extremely popular. "The Great Train Robbery" started the huge motion picture instry.
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
Thomas Alva Edison is remembered most for the electric light, his phonograph and his work with motion pictures. However, he also invented several devices that greatly improved the telephone. He improved several kinds of machines called generators that proced electricity. He improved batteries that hold electricity. He worked on many different kinds of electric motors including those for electric trains.
Mister Edison also is remembered for making changes in the invention process. He moved from the Nineteenth Century method of an indivial doing the inventing to the Twentieth Century method using a team of researchers.
VOICE TWO:
In nineteen thirteen, a popular magazine at the time called Thomas Edison the most useful man in America. In nineteen twenty-eight, he received a special medal of honor from the Congress of the United States.
Thomas Edison died on January sixth, nineteen thirty-one. In the months before his death he was still working very hard. He had asked the government for legal protection for his last invention. It was patent number one thousand ninety-three.
(MUSIC)
ANNOUNCER:
This Special English program was written and proced by Paul Thompson. The announcers were Sarah Long and Bob Doughty.
I'm Mary Tillotson. Join us again next week for another PEOPLE IN AMERICA program on the Voice of America.
❺ 中国十大发明家
中国古代最著名的科学家：张衡、蔡伦、祖冲之、毕升、沈括、贾思勰、李冰、郦道元、郭守敬、李时珍、赵过、汜胜之、杜诗、许慎、张仲景、华佗、马钧、刘徽、赵爽、魏华存、
葛洪、陶弘景、何稠新、刘焯、裴矩、孙思邈、窦权蒙、陆羽、李吉甫、张君房、刘益、王惟一、孙夷、张紫阳、贾宪、邵雍、张载、苏颂、杨介、钱乙、赵明诚、陈旁、郑樵、陈自明、秦九韶、宋慈、赵友钦、扎马鲁丁、成无己、刘完素、杨辉、丁易东、李冶、黄道婆、王祯、朱世杰、朱思本、赡思、齐德之、滑寿、万虎（万户）、兰茂、吴敬、罗洪先、方有执、朱载培、黄成、程大位、徐光启、徐霞客、计成、宋应星、孙云球、汤若望、南怀仁、梅文鼎、陈潢、颜元、孙从添、明安图、戴震、段玉裁、张明山、徐继畲、何秋涛、姜别、徐寿、华蘅芳、徐寿、徐建寅、詹天佑、冯如、罗振玉、顾祖禹、竺可桢、吴有训、侯德榜……
中国古代十大应用科学家：黄道婆、徐光启、鲁班、明安图、宋应星、李春、张遂（僧一行）、徐霞客、马均、裴秀。
中国古代十大医学家：华佗、李时珍、孙思邈、葛洪、扁鹊、皇甫谧、朱丹溪、张仲景、叶天士、钱乙。
中国现当代最著名的科学家：钱学森、邓稼先、华罗庚、李四光、袁隆平、茅以升、钱三强、于敏、王淦昌、钱伟长、苏步青、李政道、竺可桢、童第周、赵九章、陈景润、周培源、杨振宁、张文裕、侯德榜、丘成桐、熊庆来、吴文俊、周光召、李远哲……（25人）
❻ 有哪些发明家发明了什么，有哪些作用
托马斯·米基利·梅勒，发明了加铅汽油和氯氟烃。
奥托·李林塔尔，德国工程师和滑翔飞行家，世界航空先驱者之一。他最早设计和制造出实用的滑翔机，人称“滑翔机之父”。
尼古拉·特斯拉，最著名的发明：无线电 。虽然尼古拉·特斯拉生前没有因此得到认可，但美国联邦最高法院最终还是肯定了他的专利申请，确认是他而不是马可尼发明了无线电。
亚历山德罗·伏特，最著名的发明：电池。“伏特电池”是现代电池的先驱。伏特一生职业都在搞电的东西。早期他发明了起电盘(即一次充电单板电容)，一年之后致力于封闭室燃气点火发电实验，在此过程中他发现了沼气(甲烷)，即今天家庭普遍使用的一种气体。然而真正使其出名的却是“伏特电池”，其实就是一堆锌片和铜片交互排列，再加上两种金属片之间为增强导电性而浸了盐水的布料而已。但就是这种粗陋的电池向世界展示了如何利用金属-化学组合生电的奥秘。 1881年，以其名字作为电压的单位“伏特”。
亚历山大·贝尔，发明了电话。
艾萨克·牛顿，发明了微积分。
本杰明·富兰克林，发明了双焦距眼镜。大近视眼也能看清东西了。
詹姆斯·瓦特，发明了改进型蒸汽机。功率的单位“瓦特”就是以他的名字命名的，他一直被公认为是世界最伟大工程师。瓦特还发明了旋转机和一种可自动调整机器转速的被称作“飞球”的装置。
约翰内斯·古腾堡，发明了现代印刷术（古腾堡印刷机）。
托马斯·爱迪生，最著名的发明：电灯。