❶ 用英语介绍四大发明
你可以选择一段来用。
The Four Great Inventions
China's long history has seen some extremely important inventions emerge, most noticeably gunpowder, paper making, printing and the compass, which, in the words of Roger Bacon, changed the whole appearance and status of things in the world.
China was the first country in the world to make proper paper. Paper made ring the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC-16 AD) has been found in Gansu Province, Xi'an and other places in Shaanxi Province as well as Xinjiang. A further development of paper is credited to Cai Lun of the Eastern Han (25-220). He used plant fiber such as tree bark, bits of rope, rags and worn-out fishing nets as raw materials. In 105, Cai presented the first batch of paper made under his supervision to the Han emperor, who was so delighted that he named the material "Marquis Cai's paper". Eastern Han Dynasty paper found in Wuwei, Gansu, in 1974 carried words which were still clearly decipherable. Thin, soft, and with a smooth finish and tight texture, this paper is the most refined and oldest paper discovered to date.
Before paper was invented, the ancient Chinese carved characters on pottery, animal bones and stones, cast them on bronzes, or wrote them on bamboo or wooden strips and silk fabric. These materials, however, were either too heavy or two expensive for widespread use. The invention and use of paper brought about a revolution in writing materials, paving the way for the invention of printing technology in the years to come.
The invention of gunpowder was no doubt one of the most significant achievements of the Middle Ages in China. The correct prescription for making gunpowder with nitre, sulphur and carbon was probably discovered in the ninth century. In fact, in his book, Ge Hong in the third century records the proceres for making a kind of mixture that could be ignited. After the Tang Dynasty (618-907), things took a much faster course as gunpowder was already used in simple hand-grenades which were thrown by a catapult. In 1126, Li Gang, a local official, recorded how he ordered the defenders of the city of Kaifeng to "fire cannons" at the invading Nuzhen tribal people, inflicting heavy casualties on the invaders.
The first prescription for gunpowder appeared in 1044, much earlier than the earliest (1265) gunpowder-making instructions recorded in Europe. By the Song Dynasty (960-1126), gunpowder was in extensive use. Weapons made with it included rifles and rockets. The Song army also used a kind of flame thrower which involved packing gunpowder into bamboo tubes. The earliest picture of a European cannon shows that it bears a striking similarity to Chinese cannon of 1128.
About 1230, the Song army had cannon powerful enough to breach city walls.
A bronze Chinese cannon cast in 1332 is the oldest one in the world extant today. Many bronze and iron cannons have been unearthed in China, most of them bearing inscriptions dating them to between 1280 and 1380.
On the basis of printing using carved blocks in the Tang Dynasty, Bi Sheng of the Northern Song Dynasty invented movable type printing in the 1040s, which ushered in a major revolution in the history of printing.
Bi's printing consisted of four processes: making the types, composing the text, printing and retrieving the movable types. According to Dream Stream Essays, Bi Sheng carved indivial characters on squares of sticky clay, then baked them make clay type pieces. When composing a text, he put a large iron frame on a piece of iron board and arranged the words within the frame. While one plate was being printed, another plate could be composed. After printing, the movable types were taken away and stored for future use. Movable type printing has a very important position in the history of printing, for all later printing methods such as wooden type, copper type and lead type printing invariably developed on the basis of movable clay types. Bi Sheng created movable type printing more than four hundred years earlier than it was invented in Europe.
According to ancient records, natural magnets were employed in China as direction-finding devices. This led to the first compass, called a sinan (south-pointing ladle) ring the Warring States Period. In the Han Dynasty compasses consisted of a bronze on which 24 directions were carved and a rod made from a natural magnet. Such devices were in use until the eighth century.
In the Song Dynasty, Shen Kuo described the floating compass, suspended in water, a technique which minimized the effect of motion on the instrument. This enabled the compass to be used for sea navigation for the first time. The invention of the compass promoted maritime undertakings, and its use soon spread to the Arab world, and thence to Europe.
China's four great ancient inventions made tremendous contributions to the world's economy and the culture of mankind. They were also important symbols of China's role as a great world civilization.
❷ 用英语写2篇发明的介绍
Computer enjoys a long history and it is one of the most inventions.
Today, it is widely used in many fields.
The oldest computers is the abacus used in China several centries ago, but the computer is becoming smaller and smaller now, and it can be used in shops, factories and hospitals.
The abacus was invented in the sixth century by Chinese people.The umbrella was invented about 4000 years ago in Assyria,China and Egypt.The binoculars was invented in 1854 by Ignatio Porro in Italy.The camera was invented in 1827 by Joseph Nicephore Niepce who took the first picture.The bicycle was invented in 1880s in England.
The computers are developing with an astonishing speed, and no one could expect what it will be like in the future.
❸ 介绍2~3种你所了解的发明 英语作文
写一篇英语短文,介绍一写你所了解的发明及作用,并写出你对对版于发明的权想法.60词.
Ipad. is a kind of new invention that have made PC into handful device. it's invented by Apple company from the idea of hand-phone apple. Through this exquisite tool, pelple can use internet service everywhere but not being confined at one certain area at where internet linked firmly. therefore we must be grateful to its inventor, Jobs who is the great founder and inventor of Apple proction
❹ 写一件东西的发明的英语作文带翻译
I believe that everyone is all too familiar on paper, because the need to use every day. However, the one before us a clean slate, we all know, do and how is it made of? Today, when I was a little guide for everyone who introced.
According to legend, in BC 105 yuan, Cai Lun successfully invented papermaking, paper predecessors, he summed up the experience, through trial and error, with the bark, hemp, rags, old fishing nets and other materials through the down of ramming, , arch, etc. 72 craft, and finally made a practical fiber paper was called "Caihou paper." This kind of paper on the reform and promotion of papermaking have much to contribute.
Later, the continuous development of papermaking, another left-Bo paper, rattan paper, through continuous improvement, and finally became the white we are now common.
After the above introction I papermaking, we all have a certain understanding on paper, right? During this presentation, I realized the wisdom of the ancients, papermaking is one of the crystallization of their labor; the same time, I would like to remind you, paper hard-won, and we have to cherish to use it.
汉译：我相信，大家对纸是再熟悉不过了，因为每天都需要用到。可是，摆在我们面前的一张张白纸，大家都知道它是怎样做成的吗？今天我就当个小解说员，给大家介绍介绍。
相传，在公元前105元，蔡伦成功地发明了造纸术，他总结了前人造纸的经验，经过反复试验，用树皮、麻绳、破布、旧鱼网等原料经过挫、捣、抄、拱等72道工艺，终于做出了实用的纤维纸，当时称做“蔡侯纸”。这种纸对改革和推广造纸术有很大贡献。
后来，造纸术不断发展，又有了左伯纸、藤纸，经过不断改良，终于成了我们现在常见的白纸。
经过以上我对造纸术的介绍，大家都对纸有一定的了解了吧？在这段介绍中，我体会到了古人的智慧，造纸术也是他们的劳动结晶之一；同时，我还要提醒大家，纸来之不易，我们大家要好好珍惜使用它。
❺ 用英语来介绍三个发明
说出三个你认为最有价值的发明或发现。
可翻译为： Name three inventions or discoveries which you think are the most valuable.
可能的答案： Computer, television, telephone
❻ 写一篇关于你自己发明的东西并介绍,英语作文
节约用水 听，水在呻吟，在哭泣。一滴滴璀璨的明珠，用无奈的近似哀求的声音说；“我想要回家，我想要去我该去的地方。”你，听到了吗？水想要回家，回到大地妈妈的怀抱里。水在哭泣，不想离开大地。然而人们没有听到，任水“付诸东流”。 中国是一...
❼ 帮我写一篇关于发明的英语作文,假如让你来发明一样东西,你想发明什么为什么它的用处是什么
An invention》
I will invent a time machine in the as it 's been my dream in my life.Time machine allows people,没打下,Hi你
❽ 写一篇英语短文,介绍一写你所了解的发明及作用，并写出你对对于发明的想法。60词。
Ipad. is a kind of new invention that have made PC into handful device. it's invented by Apple company from the idea of hand-phone apple. Through this exquisite tool, pelple can use internet service everywhere but not being confined at one certain area at where internet linked firmly. therefore we must be grateful to its inventor, Jobs who is the great founder and inventor of Apple proction
❾ 四大发明英语介绍
The Four Great Inventions 四大发明
The Compass 指南针
Diagram of a Ming dynasty mariner's compass
Main article: Compass
The earliest reference to magnetism in Chinese literature is found in a 4th century BC book called Book of the Devil Valley Master (鬼谷子): "The lodestone makes iron come or it attracts it."
The earliest reference to a magnetic device used as a "direction finder" is in a Song Dynasty book dated to AD 1040-44. Here there is a description of an iron "south-pointing fish" floating in a bowl of water, aligning itself to the south. The device is recommended as a means of orientation "in the obscurity of the night." However, the first suspended magnetic needle compass was written of by Shen Kuo in his book of AD 1088.
For most of Chinese history, the compass that remained in use was in the form of a magnetic needle floating in a bowl of water. According to Needham, the Chinese in the Song Dynasty and continuing Yuan Dynasty did make use of a dry compass, although this type never became as widely used in China as the wet compass.
The dry compass used in China was a dry suspension compass, a wooden frame crafted in the shape of a turtle hung upside down by a board, with the loadstone sealed in by wax, and if rotated, the needle at the tail would always point in the northern cardinal direction. Although the 14th century European compass-card in box frame and dry pivot needle was adopted in China after its use was taken by Japanese pirates in the 16th century (who had in turn learned of it from Europeans), the Chinese design of the suspended dry compass persisted in use well into the 18th century.
Gunpowder 火药
Handgun from the Yuan dynasty, circa 1300s.
Main article: History of gunpowder
The prevailing academic consensus is that gunpowder was discovered in the 9th century by Chinese alchemists searching for an elixir of immortality. By the time the Song Dynasty treatise, Wujing Zongyao (武经总要), was written by Zeng Gongliang and Yang Weide in AD 1044, the various Chinese formulas for gunpowder held levels of nitrate in the range of 27% to 50%. By the end of the 12th century, Chinese formulas of gunpowder had a level of nitrate capable of bursting through cast iron metal containers, in the form of the earliest hollow, gunpowder-filled grenade bombs.
In AD 1280, the bomb store of the large gunpowder arsenal at Weiyang accidentally caught fire, which proced such a massive explosion that a team of Chinese inspectors at the site a week later deced that some 100 guards had been killed instantly, with wooden beams and pillars blown sky high and landing at a distance of over 10 li (~2 mi. or ~3.2 km) away from the explosion.
By the time of Jiao Yu and his Huolongjing in the mid 14th century, the explosive potential of gunpowder was perfected, as the level of nitrate in gunpowder formulas had risen to a range of 12% to 91%, with at least 6 different formulas in use that are considered to have maximum explosive potential for gunpowder. By that time, the Chinese had discovered how to create explosive cannonballs by packing their hollow shells with this nitrate-enhanced gunpowder.
Papermaking 造纸术
Hemp wrapping paper, China, circa 100 BC
Main article: Papermaking
Further information: Science and technology of the Han Dynasty
Papermaking has traditionally been traced to China about AD 105, when Cai Lun, an official attached to the Imperial court ring the Han Dynasty (202 BC-AD 220), created a sheet of paper using mulberry and other bast fibres along with fishnets, old rags, and hemp waste. However a recent archaeological discovery has been reported from near Dunhuang of paper with writing on it dating to 8 BC.
While paper used for wrapping and padding was used in China since the 2nd century BC, paper used as a writing medium only became widespread by the 3rd century. By the 6th century in China, sheets of paper were beginning to be used for toilet paper as well. During the Tang Dynasty (AD 618–907) paper was folded and sewn into square bags to preserve the flavor of tea. The Song Dynasty (AD 960–1279) that followed was the first government to issue paper currency.
Printing 印刷术
Main article: History of typography in East Asia
The Chinese invention of Woodblock printing, at some point before the first dated book in 868 (the Diamond Sutra), proced the world's first print culture. According to A. Hyatt Mayor, curator at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, "it was the Chinese who really discovered the means of communication that was to dominate until our age." Woodblock printing was better suited to Chinese characters than movable type, which the Chinese also invented, but which did not replace woodblock printing. Western printing presses, although introced in the 16th century, were not widely used in China until the 19th century. China, along with Korea, was one of the last countries to adopt them.
The intricate frontispiece of the Diamond Sutra from Tang Dynasty China, AD 868 (British Museum)
Woodblock printing for textiles, on the other hand, preceded text printing by centuries in all cultures, and is first found in China at around 220, then Egypt in the 4th century, and reached Europe by the 14th century or before, via the Islamic world, and by around 1400 was being used on paper for old master prints and playing cards. In another analysis Hyatt Mayor states that "a little before 1400 Europeans had enough paper to begin making holy images and playing cards in woodcut. They need not have learned woodcut from the Chinese, because they had been using woodblocks for about 1,000 years to stamp designs on linen."
Printing in China was further advanced by the 11th century, as it was written by the Song Dynasty scientist and statesman Shen Kuo (1031-1095) that the common artisan Bi Sheng (990-1051) invented ceramic movable type printing.Then there were those such as Wang Zhen (fl. 1290-1333) and Hua Sui (1439-1513), the former of whom invented wooden movable type printing in China, the latter of whom invented metal movable type printing in China. Movable type printing was a tedious process if one were to assemble thousands of indivial characters for the printing of simply one or a few books, but if used for printing thousands of books, the process was efficient and rapid enough to be successful and highly employed. Indeed, there were many cities in China where movable type printing, in wooden and metal form, was adopted by the enterprises of wealthy local families or large private instries. The Qing Dynasty court sponsored enormous printing projects using woodblock movable type printing ring the 18th century. Although superseded by western printing techniques, woodblock movable type printing remains in use in isolated communities in China.别要我逐句翻译，我办不了