⑴ 美国版权法的规则
在美国,版权包括的范围广泛,除书籍以外,音乐、雕刻、美术、摄影作品等等都在其中。美国的版权诉讼通常在联邦法院受理。美国是判例法国家,法官判决尊事实、重证据,并根据判例裁定。
美国版权法主要针对以下几个方面进行保护:1.防止他人使用未经许可的作品(盗版、抄袭);2.防止未经许可获取市场赢利;3.保护衍生作品的权利,版权所有者有权将衍生作品交予他人;4.保护首次销售作品的权利,即由作者决定何时出版,用何形式出版。
此外,美国版权法与欧洲国家的版权法有所不同。在美国,作者有控制衍生作品的权利。比如有这样一个案例,英国的一个戏剧团体上演了一部戏剧作品,英国国家广播公司BBC许可美国ABC公司有权对该作品进行播放,让美国观众欣赏。由于在BBC播放时,表演是无广告的,而经ABC公司编辑后的作品则加有广告;随后,英国戏剧团体以侵权为由将ABC公司诉至美国法院。尽管BBC公司授权了ABC公司使用该作品,但由于ABC公司仅获得了播放权,并未获得衍生作品的权利,因此,美国法院判决英国戏剧团体胜诉。
那么,如何界定侵权?首先,界定抄袭的原则一般就是通过辨认作品的相似性、关联性。其次,未经许可销售也属于侵权行为。因此,未经许可下,不论以何种形式取得内容来源,或者通过何种方式将未经许可的内容进行传播的行为都是侵权。
对于合理使用问题,美国最高法院有一个著名判例:一家公司状告一家单位制作的电话簿索引内容擅自使用了自己公司的一部分内容介绍,认为该单位侵犯了公司的版权。但法院认为,由于该内容介绍没有创作,只是做事实性的表述,属于合理使用范围,因此不受版权保护。
在美国,法官判定作品是否属于合理使用范围的要件有以下几个方面:第一,在使用的目的上,是商业行为还是其他目的;第二,使用作品的性质是用于出版还是其他用途,以及作品是否已经出版过;第三,数量上,原创内容所占的比例;最重要的一点是,该行为给原著作造成了什么样的影响,特别是对其市场造成的影响。比如,日本索尼公司与美国环球唱片之间的一起版权纠纷中,由于索尼公司未经许可通过BETAMAK录影带将自己的电视节目重新播放,环球唱片和迪斯尼公司以侵犯版权为由将其告上法庭,案子上诉到最高法院。索尼公司提出,公司提供时段供观众选择的运作方式,属于合理使用范围,本质上并未侵权。而法官判案时也是以不损害公众利益为前提,因此,索尼最终胜诉。
目前,在美国另一个关于合理使用的著名案件就是10家出版商对Google公司提出侵权诉讼。由于有多个大学图书馆藏书引入Google公司数字图书馆计划,该计划将图书扫描变为数字化档案,让大众免费搜索;而作者、出版商认为在未经授权下,全面复制图书是侵权行为,Google公司没有权利扫描、展示图书,因此以侵权为由将其告上法庭;而Google公司则以合理使用为由,认为自己并未侵权。目前,虽然此案仍在诉讼中,但已引发了众多关于如何判定合理使用问题的争议。
参考资料 美国版权考察纪行--传媒--人民网
http://media.people.com.cn/GB/40628/5855389.html
⑵ 美国有哪些著作权法
Preface: Amendments to Title 17 since 1976
Chapter 1: Subject Matter and Scope of Copyright
Chapter 2: Copyright Ownership and Transfer
Chapter 3: Duration of Copyright
Chapter 4: Copyright Notice, Deposit, and Registration
Chapter 5: Copyright Infringement and Remedies
Chapter 6: Manufacturing Requirement and Importation
Chapter 7: Copyright Office
Chapter 8: Proceedings by Copyright Royalty Judges
Chapter 9: Protection of Semiconctor Chip Procts
Chapter 10: Digital Audio Recording Devices and Media
Chapter 11: Sound Recordings and Music Videos
Chapter 12: Copyright Protection and Management Systems
Chapter 13: Protection of Original Designs
Appendix A: The Copyright Act of 1976
Appendix B: The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998
Appendix C: The Copyright Royalty and Distribution Reform Act of 2004
Appendix D: The Satellite Home Viewer Extension and Reauthorization Act of 2004
Appendix E: The Intellectual Property Protection and Courts Amendments Act of 2004
2009 Appendix F — Title 18 — The Prioritizing Resources and Organization for Intellectual Property Act of 2008
2009 Appendix G — Title 18 — Crimes and Criminal Procere, U. S. Code
2009 Appendix H — Title 28 — Judiciary and Judicial Procere, U. S. Code
2009 Appendix I — Title 44 — Public Printing and Documents, U. S. Code
2009 Appendix J — The Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988
2009 Appendix K — The Uruguay Round Agreements Act of 1994
2009 Appendix L — GATT ⁄ Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) Agreement, Part II
2009 Appendix M — Definition of “Berne Convention Work
这是美国现行的著作权相关法律,在美国法典(United State Code)中被称为Title 17.
http://www.right.gov这个是美国著作权办公室的网站,
http://www.right.gov/title17/这个分页就是关于著作权法律的目录。
⑶ 了解美国著作权的请进
非商业性质的使用可以放心使用,著作权的保护,可以依据《保护文学和艺术作品伯尔尼公约》来处理,美国也是这个公约的缔约国。
⑷ 美国版权法的规范版权的法律
美国版权法的规抄范版权的法律
1790年版权法
1909年版权法
1976年版权法
1998年版权期间延长法案(Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act)
1998年数字千年版权法
2005年家庭娱乐和版权法
对美国有效的国际协定主要有:
伯尔尼保护文学和艺术品公约
与知识产权有关贸易协定
《WCT公约》
参考资料:http://ke..com/item/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E6%B3%95#2
⑸ 美国版权法的美国版权登记
美国版权法是美国国会发布的第一部版权法是1790年版权法,这部法律保障作者14年出版“地图、图表和书籍”的专权,此后假如作者还活着的话他可以继续延长14年这个专权。这部法律没有规定其它作品如音乐创作、报纸的版权,它特别注明不禁止拷贝外国作家的作品。当时大多数作品没有申请版权:从1790年到1799年在美国出版了1.3万部作品,只有556受版权保护。
美国版权登记
作品首先在美国境内出版的,在美国享有著作权。在美国境外出版的作品,根据其所属国同美国签订的协议或者共同参加的国际条约享有著作权,亦受美国法律保护。美国版权登记,是提出侵权诉讼的前提条件,作品只有进行版权登记之后,方可对某些侵权行为进行诉讼并获得法定赔偿。
登记种类
1、文字
2、口述
3、音乐、戏剧、曲艺、舞蹈、杂技艺术作品
4、美术、建筑
5、摄影作品
6、电影和以类似摄制电影的方法创作的作品
7、工程设计、产品设计图、地图、示意图等图形和模型
8、计算机软件 ·法律、行政法规规定的其他作品
所需资料
1、法人申请:营业执照或商业登记证复印件
2、自然人申请:申请人身份证明及创作人身份证明文件
3、申请表(须由申请人签署)
4、创作人名称及地址
5、作品说明书(作品名称、类型、完成日期及发表状况等)
6、委托书
7、其他需出具的资料
参考资料:http://ke..com/item/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E6%B3%95
⑹ 美国版权法谁写的
谁写的比较难找,美国国会发布的第一部版权法是1790年版权法,这部法律保障作者14年出版内“地图、图表和书籍容”的专权,此后假如作者还活着的话他可以继续延长14年这个专权。这部法律没有规定其它作品如音乐创作、报纸的版权,它特别注明不禁止拷贝外国作家的作品。当时大多数作品没有申请版权:从1790年到1799年在美国出版了1.3万部作品,只有556受版权保护。
⑺ 我想知道美国著作权法、专利法、商标法的发展,详细点,如果能有英文翻译最好,谁可以帮帮我
英日对照翻译的美国知识产权法介绍,希望对你有用
アメリカ知财戦略の基础知识(BASICS OF US IP STRATEGY)
Four Types of Intellectual Property(4种类の知的财产権)
Patents (特许)
Trademarks(商标)
Copyright(著作権)
Trade Secrets(トレードシークレット)
What is Patent?(特许とは何か)
Definition of patent(特许の定义)
The right to exclude others from making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the invention throughout the United States
Limitations of patent(特许権の限界)
Geographical(地理的限界)
A patent issued by one country cannot be enforced in another – the inventor or its assignee must apply in each country in which patent protection is desired
Time(时间的限界)
A patent is enforceable for a limited period; 20 years from filing date for most types, 14 years for any new, original and ornamental design for an article of manufacture
What is patentable?(何が特许の対象となるか)
Processes(プロセス、方法)
Apparatus(机械)
Manufactured goods(制品)
Compositions of matters (组成物)(such as chemical compounds)
What are the requirements?(特许要件は何か)
An invention must be
Novel (新规性)
non-obvious(非自明性)
Useful(有用性)
One Year Time Limits for Filing in US(1年间のアメリカにおける特许出愿期间)
An application must be filed within one year of the earliest of any of the following:
the date that the invention is offered for sale or sold in the United States.
the date that the invention is used in public in the United States;
the date that the invention is published anywhere in the world;
Steps for Obtaining a Patent in US(特许取得までの流れ)
Consulting with a patent attorney
Concting a patentability search on the invention
Preparing a disclosure of the invention
Preparing and filing patent application in the US Patent and Trademark Office (PTO)
Examination by PTO and PTO’s office action
Publication in 18 months after filing date
Submitting responses
Notice of Allowance by PTO and payment of an issue fee
Issuance of patent
Who Owns an Invention?(谁が発明の所有者か)
Between employer and employee(雇用者と従业员间)
Without written assignment or implied-in-fact assignment (in the case that an employee was hired for the specific purpose of the invention), an employee owns the invention
Employer obtains only a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use the invention (Shop Right)
Importance of a written assignment agreement
Who Owns an Invention? (谁が発明の所有者か)
Between co-inventors or co-developers(共同発明家、开発者间)
Without an agreement, each joint inventor or each joint developer has a full right to the invention
Two companies end up as joint owners of the invention and any resulting patent
Each company may use it freely
Importance of a written agreement regarding which party owns it, how they can use the invention, how they can exploit the invention, and how they will share profit
What is a Trade Secret?(トレードシークレットとは何か)
Information, including a formula, pattern, compilation, program device, method, technique, or process, that are protected by trade secret law.
Such as know-how (e.g.manufacturing techniques); business information (e.g. new proct information, business methods, source of supply, customers lists, and even knowledge of a particular customer’s needs), and ideas (e.g. innovations relating to new technology and manufacturing methods).
Example:
CoCa Cola Formula(コカコーラの原液の组成)
Three Conditions for Protection(保护のための3つの要件)
The information must not be “generally known” or “readily ascertainable” through proper means. (一般に知られていないこと)
The information must have “independent economic value” e to its secrecy. (秘密にすることに経済的価値があること)
The trade secret holder must use reasonable efforts under the circumstances to protect the secrecy of the information.(秘密を守ることに合理的な努力をしていること)
Reasonable Measures to Keep Secret(秘密を守る合理的な方法)
A trade secret holder must use “reasonable measures under the circumstances” to protect the confidentiality of the information.
Two Protection Measures (2种类の保护制度)
Two broad categories of measures that a business can take to protect the secrecy of its trade secrets:
physical security measures (物理的秘密保护制度), and
notice measures(通知による秘密保护制度).
Physical security measures prevent people who do not need to know the information from coming in contact with the information (e.g., confidentiality barriers).
Notice measures put persons who come in contact with the information on notice that the information is to remain secret.
Physical Security Measures(物理的秘密保护制度)
A business should:
determine how information flows into, through and out of the business;
place physical security barriers wherever reasonable; and
seek to preclude access by all those who do not need to know the information.
Notice Measures (通知による秘密保护制度)
Generally, an employee will not be held responsible for keeping information confidential if the employer has not expressed any desire to keep the information confidential. Therefore, all employees (and others) with access to confidential information should be given express notice as to what information is to remain confidential.
Notice Measures (通知による秘密保护制度)
Choose proceres that will be easy to show to a court (i.e., leave a paper trail wherever possible).
Any communication that identifies either what information is confidential or how to handle confidential information will work as a notice measure (e.g., employee handbooks, memoranm,, newsletters, and signs).
Notice Measures (通知による秘密保护制度)
Non-Disclosure Agreement(秘密保持契约) Should be Signed
Trade secrets are often lost through disclosures in the absence of a Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA).
NDA for Employees
NDA for Business Partner
Trade Secret Protection (トレードシークレットの保护内容)
Trade secret law prevents misappropriation (i.e., wrongful taking of trade secret information).
A wrongful taking can occur in a variety of manners.
For example, the taking of information would be wrongful when the taking is a: breach of contract, breach of ficiary obligation, theft, or other legal wrong.
Injunctive Relief and Damages
Patent vs. Trade Secret(特许とトレードシークレット)
Patent advantages(特许の长所)
Perfect exclusivity – you can stop others from using the invention even if others independently developed the invention
Patent disadvantages(特许の短所)
Limited period of protection
Discloses technology
Patent vs. Trade Secret (特许とトレードシークレット)
Trade secret advantages(トレードシークレットの长所)
Unlimited period of protection
Inventions maintained in secrecy
Trade secret disadvantages(トレードシークレットの短所)
Cannot stop others form using the invention if it was independently developed by the others or if it was discovered by reverse engineering.
Easily lost if it is disclosed to public
A third-party patentee could stop a trade secret owner from performing a trade secret, even if the trade secret owner invented (but never disclosed) first
What is Copyright?(著作権とは何か)
A Copyright is an intellectual property right to protect the tangible expression of ideas(具体的な考えの表现), not to protect an idea itself.
For example, a right protects an author of a book from having the work copied but does not protect the author from having the ideas disclosed in the book utilized.
Subject Matter of Copyright(著作権の対象)
(1) literary works(文芸著作物);
(2) musical works, including accompanying words(音楽著作物);
(3) dramatic works, including any accompanying music(演剧著作物);
(4) pantomimes and choreographic works(舞踏振り付けの著作物);
(5) pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works(図画雕刻著作物);
(6) motion pictures and other audiovisual works(动画视聴覚著作物);
(7) sound recordings(录音著作物); and
(8) architectural works(建筑著作物).
Subject Matter of Copyright (著作権の対象)
Computer Programs/Software(コンピュータープログラム、ソフトウエア-):
Prior to 1980 courts generally viewed computer programs as literary works protected by right as literary works. A 1980 amendment to the Copyright Act extended right protection to computer programs, which it defined as “a set of statements or instructions to be used directly or indirectly in a computer to bring about a certain result.”
Subject Matter of Copyright (著作権の対象)
Derivative Works(派生著作物)
A “derivative work” is a work based upon preexisting material to which enough original creative work has been added so that the new work represents an original work of authorship.
Examples of a derivative work include an English translation of a book written in Japanese, a movie based on a book, and a jazz version of a pop song.
Remaking right (リメーク権) is one type of rights to derivative works.
How to obtain a Copyright(著作権の取得方法)
A right starts to exist as soon as a work of expression is rendered in some fixed, tangible form, such as a book, word processor file, audio recording, digital recording, etc.
A registration is not required for a valid US right.
How to obtain a Copyright (著作権の取得方法)
Two Requirements of Copyrightability(著作権の2要件)
(1) Fixation(固定性). The work must be fixed in a tangible medium of expression. That means it must be reced to some physical form or representation “sufficiently permanent or stable to permit it to be perceived, reproced or otherwise communicated for a period of more than transitory ration.”
How to obtain a Copyright (著作権の取得方法)
(2) Originality(独创性). There are two aspects to originality – independent creation and a modest quantum of creativity:
A. Independent Creation(独立した创造). This condition is met if the work was not copied from another work. This condition does not require the work to be new, novel, or unique.
B. Quantum of Creativity(わずかの创造性). This condition is met if the work demonstrates a minimal amount of creative authorship. Artistic merit or aesthetic value is not required.
很遗憾字数超过了 你给我邮箱吧
⑻ 美国版权法的介绍
美国版权法的介绍
美国国会发布的第一部版权法是1790年版权法,这部法律保障作者14年出版“地图、图表和书籍”的专权,此后假如作者还活着的话他可以继续延长14年这个专权。这部法律没有规定其它作品如音乐创作、报纸的版权,它特别注明不禁止拷贝外国作家的作品。当时大多数作品没有申请版权:从1790年到1799年在美国出版了1.3万部作品,只有556受版权保护。
美国版权登记
作品首先在美国境内出版的,在美国享有著作权。在美国境外出版的作品,根据其所属国同美国签订的协议或者共同参加的国际条约享有著作权,亦受美国法律保护。美国版权登记,是提出侵权诉讼的前提条件,作品只有进行版权登记之后,方可对某些侵权行为进行诉讼并获得法定赔偿。
登记种类
1、文字
2、口述
3、音乐、戏剧、曲艺、舞蹈、杂技艺术作品
4、美术、建筑
5、摄影作品
6、电影和以类似摄制电影的方法创作的作品
7、工程设计、产品设计图、地图、示意图等图形和模型
8、计算机软件 ·法律、行政法规规定的其他作品
所需资料
1、法人申请:营业执照或商业登记证复印件
2、自然人申请:申请人身份证明及创作人身份证明文件
3、申请表(须由申请人签署)
4、创作人名称及地址
5、作品说明书(作品名称、类型、完成日期及发表状况等)
6、委托书
7、其他需出具的资料
参考资料:http://ke..com/item/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E6%B3%95
⑼ 美国版权法的对美国有效的国际协定
对美国有效的国际协定包括以下:
The Berne Convention(《伯尔尼公约》,由WIPO管理),美国于1988年11月16日加入,1989年3月1日公约对美国生效[1];
The Universal Copyright Convention《世界版权公约》(联合国教育、科学和文化组织UNESCO管理),美国于1971年7月24日签署,1972年9月18日批准 ,1974年7月10日 生效[2];
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property
Rights(TRIPs)(《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》,由世界贸易组织WTO管理),美国于1995年1月1日开始实施该协定[3];
The WIPO Copyright Treaty (《世界知识产权组织版权条约》),美国于1999年9月14日批准了该条约,2002年3月6日该条约对美国生效[4]。
《世界知识产权组织版权条约》属于《伯尔尼公约》所称的特别协议,涉及数字环境中对作品和及其作者权利的保护。除了《伯尔尼公约》承认的权利之外,作品和作者还被授予某些经济权利。条约还涉及受版权保护的两个客体:(i)计算机程序,无论其表达方式或表达形式如何;和 (ii)数据或其他资料的汇编(“数据库”)。