⑴ 消費觀英文文章
寫作思路:可以從人們的消費觀是隨著社會發展進而發生改變的這個角度出發進行闡述,中心要明確。
正文:
In the past, consumption is to meet the needs of human survival, but now
more part of consumption is to meet the needs of human existence. In my
opinion, this kind of consumption with demand is the proct of social
development.
從前消費是為了滿足人的生存需求,而如今消費更多了一部分為了滿足人的存在需求。在我看來,這種存在需求的消費是社會發展的產物。
Existential demand means that the potential or possible demand in
people's life has elastic space, while the survival demand is not. It is
rigid and necessary. On the surface, it seems that we waste more money
on unnecessary consumption, but in essence, it is the concrete
embodiment of consumption upgrading.
存在需求是指人們生活中潛在的或可能的需求是具有彈性空間的,而生存需求則不然,它是剛性的是必要的需求。從表面上看似乎它是說我們浪費了更多的金錢在不必要的消費上,但從本質上而言,它正是消費升級的具體體現。
To put it simply, if we are still in the period of primitive people, it
goes without saying that there is consumption, even consumption will not
exist. This is because when there is no accumulation in our society, we
have no resources to consume at all, and we can only survive on the
basis of heaven.
簡單來想,若是我們還處於原始人時期,那麼不用說什麼存在消費,連消費都不會存在。這是因為當我們的社會沒有任何積累時,我們根本沒有可消費的資源,只能是「靠天」存活。
In contrast, today's consumption is not only at the survival level, but
also at the existence level, which precisely shows that with the
development of society and the improvement of human scientific level, we
have created unprecedented accumulation of resources through human
wisdom and diligence, our affluence has been improved, and we can have
more diversified consumption.
反觀當今我們的消費不僅是生存層面的還是存在層面的,這恰恰表現出隨著社會發展,人類科學水平的提升,我們通過人類的智慧與勤勞創造出了前所未有的資源積累,我們的富裕程度得到提高,我們可以有更多元化的消費。
Therefore, I think that the consumption with demand today is not a
negative thing, but should be viewed from a development perspective.
因此我認為如今存在需求的消費並非是一個消極的事物,更應該用一種發展的眼光來看待它。
The consumption of existing demand is not only the enrichment of
material level, but also the diversification of people's demand and the
emphasis of spiritual entertainment consumption. If there are only
procts but no consumers, it must be a loss making business, and no one
will pay attention to it. But when there is consumption, it must be e
to the expansion of such consumer groups.
存在需求的消費決不僅僅是物質層面的豐富,也在於人們需求的多元化以及精神娛樂方面消費的重視化。只有產品而無消費者,那必然是虧本的買賣,無人會去問津。但當存在消費涌現時,那必定是由於這類消費者人群的擴大。
With the improvement of living standards, people's needs no longer stay
in the survival of food and clothing, but change to the "eat well"
level. People's pursuit of quality of life, these seemingly "wasteful"
consumption promoted the rise of modern film and television, culture,
fashion, music and other fields.
隨著生活水平的提高,人們的需求不再停留於吃飽穿暖的生存方面,轉變為「吃得好」層面。人們對於生活有了品質上的追求,這些看似「浪費」的消費才促使了近代影視、文化、時尚、音樂各領域的崛起。
Because it is precisely because of the existence of demand for
consumption, people graally pay attention to the construction of
spiritual culture, which greatly enriches the content of our daily life.
Also e to the rich daily consumption, it gave birth to the hot
development of the tertiary instry.
因為正是由於存在需求的消費,人們才逐漸重視到精神文化方面的建設,這才大大豐富了我們日常生活的內容。也緣於趨於豐富的日常消費,才催生了現如今第三產業的火熱發展。
The consumption of existing demand is a driving force, which promotes
the rapid development of society. Consumption with demand is not only
consumption, but also promotes the development of human economy to some
extent.
存在需求的消費是一種驅動力,它促使社會這輛馬車更疾速地發展。存在需求的消費不單是消費,它甚至可以說在某種程度上促進了人類經濟的發展。
Of course, the existence of demand consumption here does not mean blind
consumption, unrestrained spending money to buy the so-called
"happiness". What we advocate is a kind of rational consumption, which
is compatible with existence and survival consumpte contribute to social development, and at the same time, we should
pay attention to environmental protection without causing waste.
當然這里所指的存在需求消費並不指盲目的消費,毫無節制地花錢買所謂的「快樂」。我們提倡的是一種理性的消費,它兼容存在與生存消費,這樣的消費才有助於社會發展,且同時又注重環境保護,不造成浪費。
In short, we should correctly treat the existing consumption. It is not
without drawbacks, but it is of great significance. As long as we treat
it with a development vision and a reasonable way, it can become the
driving force of social development and progress.
簡而言之,我們要正確看待存在消費,它並不是毫無弊端,但它又其重要意義,只要我們用發展的眼光、合理的方式對待它,它就能成為社會發展、進步的推動力。
⑵ 馬斯洛的需求原理的英文
馬斯洛的需求原理的英文:Maslow's hierarchy of needs
hierarchy 讀法 英['haɪərɑːkɪ]美['haɪərɑrki]
n. 層級;等級制度
短語:
1、social hierarchy社會等級;社會階層
2、knowledge hierarchy知識體系
3、hierarchy of needs theory需要層次理論;需要階梯理論
4、object hierarchy對象階層架構;對象層次結構
5、feudal hierarchy封建等級制度
詞語用法:
hierarchy的基本意思是「等級制度」,也可指某個團體、集團中的「統治集團,領導層」,是可數集合名詞,有單復數形式,以其單數形式作主語時其謂語可用單數形式,也可用復數形式。
詞彙搭配:
1、rigid hierarchy of power 森嚴的權力等級
2、academic hierarchy 學術機構
3、the ruling hierarchy 統治集團
4、church hierarchy 教堂統治集團
5、hierarchy of moral values 道德准則的層次
⑶ 高分跪求!!!市場營銷相關的中英文對照3000字左右的文章
術語:
PROFIT SHARING-------------------利潤分成
DOCK CHARGE----------------------碼頭費
INLAND CHARGE--------------------內陸轉運費
MERCHANDISE INSPECTION-----------商檢費
TERMINAL HANDLING CHARGE---------THC
DRAYAGE--------------------------提箱和還箱費
PEAK SEASON SURCHARGE------------旺季附加費
COMMISSION-----------------------傭金
MAILS FEE------------------------郵寄費
PANAMA CHANNEL CHARGE------------運河費
THE CHARGE OF FREIGHT------------運雜費
TRANSSHIPMENT COSTS -------------中轉費
VANNING FEE----------------------裝箱費
INSURANCE FEE--------------------保險費
CUSTOM CLEARANCE FEE-------------報關費
CY SURCHARGE---------------------CY交貨附加費
EQUIPMENT RETURN CHARGE----------空箱返還費
DIVERSION FEE--------------------改港費
EQUIPMENT CHANGING CHARGE--------改箱費
PORT CONGESTION SURCHARGE--------港口擁擠費
BUNKER ADJUSTIVE FACTOR----------BAF(燃油附加費)
CURRENCY ADJUSTMENT FACTOR-------CAF(幣值附加費)
STORAGE CHARGE-------------------倉儲費
CUSTOM INSPECTION FEE------------查驗費
DEVANNING CHARGE-----------------拆箱費
DESTINATION DELIVERY CHARGE------DDC(終點碼頭卸貨費)
HANDLING CHARGE------------------代理費
REFUND---------------------------反佣
GENERAL RATE INCREASE------------GRI(全面漲價費)
OCEAN FREIGHT--------------------海運費
DOCUMENT TRANSFERING FEE---------換單費
EQUIPMENT REPOSITION SURCHARGE---空箱調運費
WAREHOUSE REFUND SHARING---------拼箱退佣
CONTAINER FREIGHT STATION--------CFS(集裝箱貨運站)
隨著社會的發展,行業競爭的日趨激烈,如何提高工作效率、降低管理成本、提高服務水平和企業的競爭能力,是每一個企業管理者最為關注的問題。越來越多的管理者認為實行計算機科學化管理是解決這一問題的關鍵。
物流運輸企業由於行業特點,傳統操作過程復雜,文件繁多,競爭日趨激烈。越來越多的信息問題涌現出來,例如:一方面,要不斷開發客戶市場,對客戶的基本資料,貨物分布情況、聯系人的喜好及聯系方式有較為全面的了解,另一方面,要作好財務的收付工作,確保運費能按時的收付,欠款一目瞭然,及時催繳。以往查閱厚厚的文件資料的做法,顯然是不可取的。必須採取更有效的解決辦法。同時收集處理信息的速度、信息的准確性、安全性,還影響到公司整體的管理水平和決策層對整體業務的控制和協調。採用計算機軟體管理信息是解決上述問題的一個行之有效的辦法。
物流管理軟體,就是根據物流運輸企業業務流程,將企業業務的各類數據聯系起來,組成一個有機的系統,使得業務、財務、市場等方面的信息得以方便、快捷地傳遞,並經過綜合處理生成各種報表送交給各個職能部門及決策層。應用物流管理軟體系統不僅可以節省大量的人力,減少工作中的失誤,對客戶的詢問可以迅速的從電腦中查詢信息答復客戶,而且可以幫助決策者及時調整公司經營策略,提高公司在同行業中的知名度,增強公司的競爭力。
過去物流管理著重在企業內部作業與組織的整合,對下游顧客的對應,是以服務與品質為主要重心。因此,評價物流的管理業績和效果的准則,多半是以處理訂單周期時間的速度,供貨率及完成質量來量度。
隨著物流業的發展,在供應鏈管理模式上增添新的內容,物流業出現了新的十大趨勢。
(一)物流管理從物的處理,提升到物的加值方案設計、解決和管理上。可以為客戶提供度身訂造式的,並帶有個性化的服務,企業逐漸轉向強調跨企業界限的整合,使得顧客關系的維護與管理變得越來越重要。
(二)由對立轉向聯合。傳統商業通道中,企業間多半以自我為中心,追求自我利益,因此往往造成企業間對立的局面。然而在追求更大競爭力的驅動下,許多企業開始在各個商業流通機能上整合,通過聯合規劃與作業,形成高度整合的供應鏈通道關系,使通道整體成績和效果大幅提升。
(三)由預測轉向終測。傳統的流通模式通過預測下游通道的資源來進行各項物流作業活動,不幸的是預測很少會准確的,因而浪費了許多自然及商業資源。新興的物流管理趨勢是強調通道成員的聯合機制,成員間願意互換營運及策略的信息,尤其是內部需求及生產的資料,使得上游的企業無需去預測,流通模式是逐漸由預測基礎轉向終測基礎發展。
(四)由經驗積累轉向變遷策略。一直以來經驗曲線是企業用來分析市場競爭趨勢及發展對應策略的方法,並以企業長年積累的經驗作為主要競爭武器,然而科技的突飛進步,企業固守既有經驗反而成為企業發展的障礙,因此在調度變化的環境下,經驗及現存通道基礎結構反變為最難克服的障礙,成功的企業要建立對策略方向的嗅覺和持續變遷管理體系才能生存。
(五)由絕對價值轉向相對價值。傳統財務評價只看一些絕對數值,新的評估方法將著重在相對價值的創造,亦即在通道中提供加值服務,顧客所增加的價值中企業可佔多少比例。
(六)由功能整合轉向程序整合。在競爭渠道日趨激烈的環境中,企業必須更快響應上、下游顧客的需要,因而必須有效整合各部門的營運,並以程序式的操作系統來動作,物流作業與活動多半具有跨功能,跨企業的特性,故程序式整合是物流管理成功的重點。
(七)由垂直整合轉向虛擬整合。在傳統渠道中,一些大企業進行通道的垂直整合,以期對通過掌握有更大的力量,事實證明這並不成功,反而分散了企業的資源,並將主業削弱。今日企業經營的趨勢是專注核心業務,將非核心業務委託給專業管理公司去做,形成虛擬企業整合體系,使主體企業提供更好的產品及服務。
(八)由信息保留轉向信息分享。在供應鏈管理結構下,供應鏈內相關企業必須將供應鏈整合所需的信息與其他企業分享,否則,無法形成有效的供應鏈體系。
(九)由訓練轉向知識學習。在可預見的未來,任何物流程序均以人力來完成。然而,物流作業多半需要在各個物流據點和運輸網路中進行,大約有90%的時間,物流主管無法親自加以監控。全球化的發展趨勢,也增加了物流人力資源管理的復雜度。物流主管必須將以個別人員技能訓練的方式,轉向知識基礎的學習發展。
(十)由管理會計轉向價值管理。未來許多企業願意投入許多資源建立基本會計系統,著重在提供增值創造,跨企業的管理信息,以期能確認可創造價值的作業,而非僅在於收益增加,成本升降上。
Along with society's development, the profession competition is day by day intense, how enhances the working efficiency, reces the management cost, the enhancement service level and enterprise's competitive ability, is each enterprise superintendent most matter of concern. More and more many superintendents thought the implementation computer scientific style management solves this question key.
The thing flows the transportation enterprise as a result of the profession characteristic, the tradition operating process complex, document many, the competition is day by day intense. The more and more many information question emerges, for example: On the one hand, must develop the customer market unceasingly, to the customer basic document, the cargo distribution situation, the contact person likes and the contact method has a more comprehensive understanding, on the other hand, must finish financial the receipts and disbursements work, guarantees the transport expense to be able on time receipts and disbursements, the debt to be clear, prompt press for payment. Formerly consulted the thick document material the procere, obviously was cannot be taken. Must adopt more effective solution. At the same time collects the process information the speed, the information accuracy, the security, but also affects the company whole management level and the decision-making strata to the overall service control and the coordination. Uses the computer software management information is solution above question effective means.
The thing class manages the software, is flows the transportation enterprise service flow according to the thing, according to relates the enterprise service various class numbers, composes an organic system, causes aspect the and so on service, finance, market information to be able to be convenient, to transmit quickly, and proces each kind of report form after synthesis processing to deliver for each function department and the decision-making strata. The appliance flows the management software system not only to be possible to save the massive manpower, reces in the work the fault, may be rapid to the customer inquiry inquires the information answer customer from the computer, moreover may help the policy-maker promptly to adjust the company to manage the strategy, enhances company's in same profession well-knownness, the enhancement company's competitive power.
In the past flowed the management emphatically in the enterprise interior work and organization's conformity, to the downriver customer's correspondence, was take serves and the quality as the main center of gravity. Therefore, the appraisal flows the management achievement and the effect criterion, is mostly by processes the order form period the speed, supplying goods rate and completes the quality to measure.
Along with the thing flowing instry development, increased the new content in the supply chain management pattern, thing flowing instry had the new ten major tendencies.
(1) thing flows the management from thing processing, promotes to in the thing Canadian value plan design, the solution and the management. May provides for the customer 度身訂造 -like, and has the personalization the service, the enterprise graally changes emphasized the cross enterprise boundary the conformity, causes the maintenance and the management which the customer relates changes more and more importantly.
(2) changes the union by the opposition. In the traditional commercial channel, the enterprise mostly take as the center, pursues the self- benefit, therefore often makes the aspect which the enterprise opposes. However in under the pursue bigger competitive power actuation, many enterprises starts in each commercial circulation function the conformity, through the union plan and the work, forms highly the conformity supply chain channel relations, causes the channel overall result and the effect large promotion.
(3) changes the final survey by the forecast. The traditional circulation pattern carries on each thing through the forecast downriver channel resources to flow the work activity, unfortunately forecasts very little can accurate, thus has wasted many natures and the commercial resources. The emerging thing flows the management tendency is emphasized the channel member's union mechanism, between the member is willing to exchange transport business and the strategy information upstream, in particular internal demand and the proction material, causes the enterprise not to need to forecast, the circulation pattern changes the final survey foundation development graally by the forecast foundation.
(4) accumulates by the experience changes the vicissitude strategy. The empirical curve has since always been the enterprise uses for to analyze the market competition tendency and the development correspondence strategy method, and the experience which accumulates by the enterprise elders takes the main competition weapon, however the science and technology flies suddenly the progress, the enterprise defends stubbornly already has the experience instead to become the barrier which the enterprise develops, therefore in under the dispatch change environment, the experience and the extant channel foundation structure instead becomes the barrier which most difficult to overcome, the success enterprise must establish to the strategy direction sense of smell and continues the vicissitude management system to be able to survive.
(5) changes the relative value by the absolute value. The traditional finance appraisal will look only some absolute values, the new appraisal method emphatically in the relative value creation, that is will provide adds the value service in the channel, in the value which the customer will increase the enterprise may account for how many proportions.
(6) changes the procere conformity by the function conformity. In the competition channel intense environment, the enterprise must day by day in a quicker response, the downriver customer's need, thus must effective conformity various departments' transport business, and acts by the procere -like operating system, the thing flows the work and the activity has the cross function mostly, cross enterprise's characteristic, therefore the procere type conformity is the thing class manages the successful key point.
(7) changes the hypothesized conformity by the vertical conformity. In the traditional channel, some big enterprises carry on the channel the vertical conformity, to through grasps by the time has a bigger strength, the fact proved this is not successful, instead dispersed enterprise's resources, and weakens the principal work. Today the enterprise manages the tendency is dedicated nucleus □0 □$. The service, makes the non- core business request for the specialized management company, forms the hypothesized enterprise conformity system, causes the main body enterprise to provide a better proct and the service.
(8) changes the information share by the information retention. Under the supply chain management structure, supplies in the chain to be connected the enterprise to have to supply the information which the chain conformity needs to share with other enterprises, otherwise, is unable to form the effective supply chain system.
(9) changes the knowledge study by the training. In future which may foresee, any thing flows the procere to complete by the manpower. However, the thing flows the work to need to flow the foothold and in mostly the transportation network in each thing carries on, probably some 90% time, the thing flows the manager to be unable to perform to monitor personally. Globalization development tendency, also increased the thing to flow the human resources management the order of complexity. The thing flows the manager to have by the indivial personnel skill training way, changes the knowledge foundation the study development.
(10) changes the value management by management accounting. Future many enterprises will be willing to invest many resources establishments basic accountant the system, in will provide the increment creation emphatically, the cross enterprise's management information, by the time will be able the true approval creation value work, but must only will lie in the income to increase, in cost fluctuation.
⑷ 「市場營銷就是發現需求、創造需求,並滿足需求」這句話正確嗎
正確,何為營銷?營銷不是銷售,不是傳統意義上的「賣東西」,不單是商業活動,它是個人和集體通過創造、提供出售並通過與別人交換產品和價值,以獲得所需所欲之物的社會和管理的過程。它包括幾個核心概念:
需求、慾望和需求:人類需要食品、水、衣服、住所和空氣。現在的人類還需要電話、電腦和數據機。總的來說,除了維持生存的物品,人們還對娛樂、教育等有著強烈的慾望,並表現出強烈的愛好。當代人的需求和慾望之多讓人驚愕:僅美國人在一年中將消費670億個雞蛋、20億只雞、1330億英里的國內空中旅行和教授的400萬堂課。
產品:人們靠產品滿足自己的需要和慾望,所以產品是指任何能用來滿足人類需要的東西,包括服務。銷售和營銷的區別之一就是,營銷把目光放在顧客的需要而非產品本身上。
價值、成本和滿意:綜合考慮產品、服務滿足人們需求程度的高低和所要付出的成本是必要的,惟有如此才能做出正確的選擇。消費者在生活中的理性行為遠遠超過了經濟學家狹隘的「經濟人假設」。
交換、交易和關系:交換是過程而不是事件,交換達成交易的產生,而交易是終結點。為此,營銷者要縮短交換過程,以達成更多交易。精明的營銷者會和消費者、分銷商、供應商建立長期的、信任的和互利的關系。因此,營銷已經從追求每個交易利潤最大化變為追求其他各方利益關系最大化。
市場:是各種不同需求的現實的、潛在的顧客群。市場=人口+購買力+購買意願。
對於市場營銷,我們可以建立一個模型:
基本需求
市場 慾望
交易 核心概念 產品需求
交換 產品
價值
市場營銷觀念和銷售觀念是在對待組織、顧客和社會三者利益沖突上不同的觀念。
銷售觀念認為,如果聽其自然的話,消費者通常不會足量購買一個組織的產品,因此,有必要進行積極推銷和進行大量促銷活動,即認為銷售數量和企業促銷努力成正比。
作為現代營銷之父的菲利普·科特勒先生認為:「當顧客步入商品陳列室,企業推銷員便開始揣摩來者的心思,如果有一位顧客喜歡某種式樣的汽車,推銷員就會馬上告訴他,另一位顧客正好也打算買這輛汽車,因此要當機立斷。如果顧客因為價格而猶豫不決,推銷員馬上又會提出他可以找經理商談,把價格降得更低些。這位顧客等了10分鍾,推銷員就滿面春風地出來說:『老闆起初不同意,但我好歹說服了他。』這樣做的目的是為了激發顧客立即購買。」
而營銷觀念是與銷售觀念大相徑庭的。彼得·杜拉克說過:「某些推銷工作總是重要的,然而營銷的目的就是要使推銷成為多餘。營銷的目的在於在於深刻地認識和了解顧客,從而使產品或服務完全適合他的需要而形成產品自我銷售。」簡單來說,營銷以消費者為中心、以競爭為基礎、以協調為手段,企業利潤是營銷的結果而不是企業的目的。
⑸ 市場營銷是創造需求還是反映需求呢
市場營銷是創造、溝通與傳送價值給顧客,及經營顧客關系以便讓組織與其利益關系人受益的一種組織功能與程序。既創造了需求,又反映了需求。互相影響的
⑹ 你需要做什麼來創造成功的企業英語作文
需要做什麼來創造成功的企業?做擁有英語作文,必須要有堅實的英語底子才能行
⑺ 求一篇1000字左右的英語作文 內容是,自己創建一個品牌,並把它推向國際市場的有關內容
實話,我的作文不好不過你可以自己用中文寫一篇,然後有有道詞典直接選中後翻譯成了,
⑻ 市場營銷英文文獻翻譯成中文3000字
一、服務營銷。
現代經濟發展的一個顯著特徵是服務業的蓬勃發展,其在國民經濟中的地位愈來愈重要,服務營銷的重要性日益突出,中國已經加入WTO ,外資企業紛紛搶灘中國,中外服務市場營銷大戰將出現白熱化的態勢。現實經濟生活中的服務可以區分為兩大類。一種是服務產品,產品為顧客創造和提供的核心利益主要來自無形的服務。另一種是功能服務,產品的核心利益主要來自形成的成分,無形的服務只是滿足顧客的非主要需求。貝瑞認為,在產品的核心利益來源中,有形的成分比無形的成分要多,那麼這個產品就可以看作是一種「商品」(有形產品) ;如果無形的成分比有形的成分要多,那麼這個產品就可以看作是一種「服務」。與服務的這種區分相一致,服務營銷的研究形成了兩大領域,即服務產品的營銷和顧客服務營銷。服務產品營銷的本質是研究如何促進作為產品的服務的交換;顧客服務營銷的本質則是研究如何利用服務作為一種營銷工具促進有形產品的交換。但是,無論是服務產品營銷,還是顧客服務營銷,服務營銷的核心理念都是顧客滿意和顧客忠誠,通過取得顧客的滿意和忠誠來促進相互有利的交換,最終實現營銷績效的改進和企業的長期成長。
First, services marketing.
Modern economic development is characterized by a significant service instry booming national economy, the status of its growing importance of services marketing highlights the growing importance of China has joined WTO, foreign companies have to seize the Chinese, and foreign services, marketing war will appear white-hot trend. Economic life of service can be divided into two categories. One is service procts, proct creation and delivery for customers mainly from the core interests of intangible services. The other is the function of services, procts, mainly from the formation of the core interests of the ingredients, invisible only to meet customer service needs of non-major. Berry think that the source of the proct's core interests, the tangible and intangible elements of composition to be more than that, then the proct can be seen as a "commodity" (tangible procts); if intangible components of tangible elements to more than that, then the proct can be seen as a "service." And services consistent with this distinction, service marketing research formed the two major areas, namely services, procts, marketing and customer service marketing. Service is the essence of proct marketing, how to promote the exchange of proct services; customer service is of the essence of marketing, how to use the services as a marketing tool to promote the exchange of tangible procts. However, both services proct marketing, or customer service, marketing, service marketing is the core concept of customer satisfaction and loyalty, and by obtaining customer satisfaction and loyalty to the promotion of mutually beneficial exchange, and ultimately sales performance improvement and long-term business growth.
二、網路營銷。
互聯網路是一種利用通訊線路,將全球電腦納入國際聯網的信息傳送系統必將是未來市場營銷最重要的渠道。網路營銷的特性包括;可24 小時隨時隨地地提供全球性營銷服務;電腦可儲存大量的信息,代消費者查詢,可傳送的信息數量與精確度,遠超過其他媒體;能因應市場需求,及時更新產品或調整價格;減少印刷與郵遞成本;且無店面租金,節約水電與人工成本;可避免推銷員強勢推銷的干擾;可經由信息提供與互動交談,與消費者建立長期良好的關系。互聯網路是一種功能最強大的營銷工具,它同時兼具渠道、促銷、電子交易、互動顧客服務以及市場信息分析與提供的多種功能。
它以聲光互動溝通的特質,作為跨越時空的媒體,已深深吸引年青一代人的眼光。此外,它所具備的一對一營銷能力,正是符合[ 分眾營銷]與[ 直效營銷]的未來趨勢。 網路營銷可視為一種新興的營銷渠道,它並非一定要取代傳統的渠道,而是經由信息科技發展,來創新與重組營銷渠道。但不可否認的是,網路營銷必然會給傳統營銷造成沖擊,因此商業界必須要注意這種趨勢,並與軟體產業作密切的聯系與合作。以廣告業為例,在最新媒體時代,銷售是從開始到完成的一貫作業,就是說由吸引注意、引發興趣、造成購買欲、進行采購,一氣而成,而廣告公司將參與營銷的全程。商業企業也有必要改變傳統的組織形態,提升新媒體部門的功能,引進兼具營銷素養與電腦科技的人才,未來才能具備市場的競爭優勢。
Second, network marketing.
Use of the Internet is a communication line, into the international network of global computer information delivery system will be the next most important channel for marketing. Internet Marketing features include; can provide anytime, anywhere 24 hours of global marketing services; computer can store large amounts of information, on behalf of consumer inquiries, the amount of information transmitted and accuracy, far more than other media; to meet market demands in a timely manner Update proct or price adjustments; rece printing and mailing costs; and no store rent, saving water and labor costs; can avoid the interference of a salesman selling strong; can talk through the provision of information and interaction with consumers long-term good relations. Internet is the most powerful marketing tool, it also combines Qu, marketing, electronic transactions, interactive customer service and market information analysis and delivery of a variety of functions.
It features sound and light interactive communication, as of time, the media, who have been attracted to the eyes of the younger generation. In addition, it has a one to one marketing capabilities, it is consistent with [Focus marketing] and [direct marketing] future trend.
Internet marketing can be considered as an emerging marketing channels, it is not necessarily to replace the traditional channels, but through the development of information technology to innovation and re-marketing channels. But it is undeniable that online marketing is bound to impact traditional marketing, so the business community must pay attention to this trend, and with the software instry for close contact and cooperation. Advertising instry as an example, in the latest media age, sales are consistent from start to finish operation, that is attracting attention from the triggered interest, resulting in purchases, procurement, these cities become, and advertising companies will participate in the marketing of the whole. Commercial enterprises also need to change the traditional organizational forms, to enhance the functions of the new media sector, the introction of both quality and marketing personnel in computer technology, the future can have the market's competitive advantage.
三、綠色營銷。
所謂「綠色營銷」,是指社會和企業在充分意識到消費者日益提高的環保意識和由此產生的對清潔型無公害產品需要的基礎上,發現、創造並選擇市場機會,通過一系列理性化的營銷手段來滿足消費者以及社會生態環境發展的需要,實現可持續發展的過程。綠色營銷的核心是按照環保與生態原則來選擇和確定營銷組合的策略,是建立在綠色技術、綠色市場和綠色經濟基礎上的、對人類的生態關注給予回應的一種經營方式。目前,西方發達國家對於綠色產品的需求非常廣泛,而發展中國家由於資金和消費導向上和消費質量等原因,還無法真正實現對所有消費需求的綠化。以我國為例,目前只能對部分食品、家電產品、通訊產品等進行部分綠化;而發達國家已經通過各種途徑和手段,包括立法等,來推行和實現全部產品的綠色消費。從而培養了極為廣泛的市場需求基礎,為綠色營銷活動的開展打下了堅實的根基。以綠色食品為例,英國、德國綠色食品的需求完全不能自給,英國每年要進口該食品消費總量的80% ,德國則高達98%。這表明,綠色產品的市場潛力非常巨大,市場需求非常廣泛。
綠色營銷只是適應二十一世紀的消費需求而產生的一種新型營銷理念,也就是說,綠色營銷還不可能脫離原有的營銷理論基礎。因此,綠色營銷模式的制定和方案的選擇及相關資源的整合還無法也不能脫離原有的營銷理論基礎,可以說綠色營銷是在人們追求健康、安全、環保的意識形態下所發展起來的新的營銷方式和方法。現代企業只有樹立起一種全新的可持續發展營銷的經營理念,努力開展綠色營銷,開發綠色產品,進行綠色生產,才能和可持續發展潮流相適應。同時,企業還可進一步「導向消費者」,促成可持續消費模式的全面建立和實現,承擔起促進社會發展和生態環境發展的責任和義務,使企業的經濟效益、社會效益和環境效益相統一。
Third, green marketing.
The so-called "green marketing" refers to the social and enterprises are fully aware of the increasing environmental awareness of consumers and the resulting need for clean-based pollution-free procts based on the discovery, creation and select market opportunities, through a series of rational means of marketing to meet consumer and community development needs of the ecological environment and realize sustainable development process. Green Marketing is the core ecological principles in accordance with environmental protection and to select and determine the marketing mix strategy is based on green technology, green markets and green based on economic, ecological concerns for the human response to a mode of operation. Some developed countries the demand for green procts is very extensive, but developing countries as capital and consumer orientation, quality and consumer reasons, it can not really achieve the greening of all consumer demand. Taiwan for instance, currently only some food, home appliances, communication procts, part-green; while developed countries have adopted a variety of ways and means, including legislation, etc., Lai Tuixing and the achievement of all procts Di green consumption. Thus having a very broad basis of market demand for green marketing activities have laid a solid foundation. To green, for example, the United Kingdom, Germany, the demand for green food can not self-sufficient, the United Kingdom every year, the import of 80% of the total food consumption in Germany is as high as 98%. This indicates that the market potential for green procts is very large, very wide market demand.
Green marketing is the twenty-first century consumer demand resulting from a novel marketing idea, that is, green marketing, marketing is also not out of the original theory. Therefore, the development of green marketing model and program selection and integration of related resources can not can not be severed from the original basis of marketing theory can be said that green marketing is the pursuit of health, safety, environmental protection, developed under the ideology of the new ways and means of marketing. Establish a modern enterprise is only a new marketing philosophy of sustainable development, make efforts to green marketing, the development of green procts for green proction, and sustainable development to adapt to the trend. At the same time, enterprises can further "consumer oriented", to promote sustainable consumption patterns of the full development and realization of their obligation to promote social development and ecological development of the responsibilities and obligations, so that their economic, social and environmental benefits .
⑼ 求市場營銷方面的附錄5000字左右 最好英文的!
《營銷策劃:營銷應該透過品牌來整合》
管品牌是一門大生意、大資產,但品牌管理目前還處於初級階段。真正意義上的品牌戰略管理需要全面整合企業經營資源,系統地開辟新的業務范圍,創建市場競爭優勢。
傳統營銷受到挑戰
時下的市場營銷只關注推出新產品的運作過程,把品牌只當作一種單純、極端的行動指令,局限於廣告、包裝和商標等宣傳活動,即品牌的形象管理方面。從現在開始,企業將面臨這樣的戰略抉擇:企業如何保持持久的競爭優勢?企業如何擴張新業務?企業如何提升贏利能力?
新經濟時代下高速度和快節奏是新經濟時代的特徵之一,速度很自然地成為競爭中的一個重要因素,因此,今天的企業必須迫切地反思業務使命和經營戰略,調整狀態,以適應未來的市場變化與發展。今天競爭者千變萬化,技術日新月異,顧客千差萬別。企業要想長期立於不敗之地,只有不斷地創新競爭優勢,創造強勢品牌。
在「業務如例行公事」的日子裡,企業只要生產產品,積極推銷和大量的廣告投入就能成功,這被稱為「營銷」。這是種"大街上的人"的普遍營銷觀點。然而,不幸的是許多企業就是這樣認為,也正在這樣做,但這些營銷觀點是一帖造成災難的配方。目前,大多數企業的營銷推廣活動多採取一套營銷傳播「食譜」,並編成詳細的指導原則。例如,推廣產品需要:「一湯匙」新聞稿、「二杯」電視廣告、「二克」報紙廣告、「一份宣傳冊」和「一個」促銷。這樣很難創造良好的市場效益;或者一時市場反應較好,但卻難以持久。廣告費不應該白白花掉,而是預期有具體回收計劃的投資。廣告傳播是現代企業經濟中最具風險的投資之一,現今人們可以這樣認為,至少四分之三的廣告開支可以說是顆粒無收。如果一家企業耗資千萬元投資一條新的生產線,但卻不去考慮它的回報,以及並不確信產品銷售額有所提高,您認為這可能嗎?我們一定會說「這絕對不可能」。這種事情在市場營銷中並不少見,市場攻勢破費百萬金錢,卻難以叩開市場之門。
今天的顧客面對的每一種商品都品目繁多,顧客對產品質量和服務的需求多種多樣,而且日益增長,但是對價格的期望則越來越低。
如今因科技的進步,產品的同質化越來越高,一些配銷的方式及通路的特點,也很容易被抄襲和效仿,當一個新品上市後,會有「一大群」同類產品跟進,分割開拓者的市場,並迫使你不得不降價,並與其展開拚命的搏殺,而且使你身陷險境,遭受多面沖擊和危脅,競爭者努力鑽營的結果,將使得流通上獲的利潤減少,許多廠商把營銷網織得很大,也未能獲得市場上的優勢。傳統營銷受到前所未有的挑戰。
經營品牌而非產品
傳統管理模式通常只是在產品資格證上大做文章,而企業不可迴避的是要在品牌戰略管理上下功夫。許多企業擁有產品管理人員,但有很多問題。隨著越來越多的品牌不斷擴張,派生出種類繁多的產品,管理職能也分散下放到基層決策機構,長此以往,決策部門在沒有基層參與的情況下的決策往往對品牌不利。
品牌不是產品,但它賦予產品意義並確定產品的形式、形象和價值。企業發現,品牌管理已是戰略性的管理,需要全面系統的規劃管理。品牌向管理人員提出了一系列新問題:企業需要多少新的品牌?如何管理品牌?如何策劃品牌擴張?品牌擴張應包括哪些產品和服務項目?品牌擴張應避開哪些領域?如何解決經營范圍限制和維持銷售額之間的矛盾?戰線拉得太長會削弱品牌權益,反之亦然。隨著技術進步、產品更新換代和顧客交替更迭,如何保持品牌永久的生命力並使之適應時代的發展,獲得永久魅力?如何使單一品牌下的多種產品的銷售實現綜合平衡並最大限度獲取利潤?如何利用產品品牌的關系優化品牌形象?品牌是否具有成為國際品牌的潛力?品牌國際化有何利弊?許多企業使用共同品牌。品牌形象策劃與企業形象策劃之間有何不同?既然品牌有價值,如何衡量評估它的價值並有效地進行調查和管理?是否應把品牌價值列入資產負債表並將其實際經濟價值向股東、投資者和商業夥伴公布?
其中心概念是品牌的品質,不是品牌的形象。這種品質需要界定和管理,是品牌管理的核心。它需要開創新思路、探索新方法。
新經濟時代里,無形資產決定企業價值,新經濟在向企業展示其無窮魅力的同時,也對企業提出了更高的要求。對於眾多的傳統企業來講,認清形勢才能更好地抓住機遇,迎接挑戰。企業在什麼行業並不重要,短期的收入也不重要,關鍵看它擁有的無形資產。在《解讀價值密碼:成功企業是如何在新經濟中創造財富的》一書中,利伯特認為,新經濟時代衡量企業是否會成功有四條標准:一是公司的資產體系,包括知識、無形資產、信息、軟體系統等,用反映現代經濟的模式來判斷;二是看它是否敢於面對風險,不僅是金融、實物方面的風險,還要敢於面對無形資產的風險;三是運用了當代最先進的技術;四是企業的價值取向,不僅是有形的資產,也要看無形資產。
在一些發達國家,一些優秀企業的有形資產與無形資產的比例已達到1:2或1:3。擁有知名品牌的公司,企業的品牌價值已遠遠超過其年銷售總額,如可口可樂、麥當勞、迪斯尼、雀巢等均是如此。許多名牌由於市場覆蓋面廣,社會知名度高,因此給企業帶來了巨大的經濟效益。這些無形資產的經濟價值要遠大於其有形資產,其巨大的產權份量增強了企業發展的後勁,也是公司經濟實力的體現。
企業經營的是品牌,而非產品,品牌使企業的內部資源得以優化配置,並為顧客創造真正的價值。
營銷應該透過品牌來整合
21世紀將是名牌爭奪天下的世紀,我國經濟逐步融入國際市場,面臨著更加激烈的競爭環境,進入了品牌競爭時代,市場競爭是產品質量、技術服務和價格等諸要素的競爭,諸要素的競爭最終要通過品牌競爭來實現。可以預言:21世紀將是名牌爭奪天下的世紀。以名牌的經濟實力為後盾來分割世界資源、拓展全球市場,將是國際經濟運行的一大特點。
品牌戰略是企業競爭取勝之道。當今,企業間的競爭已由單一的商品質量競爭,轉向綜合經濟實力的競爭,而綜合實力的競爭,最終是創造自己的品牌。誰要想成為一個優秀企業家,誰就要懂得並能熟練運用品牌戰略。
企業創造了產品,市場創造了品牌,企業的競爭優勢則集中體現在具有市場競爭優勢的品牌。那麼,企業不僅應為生產產品建立良好的管理體制和經營機制,更應該確立正確的品牌戰略,從而創建有效的市場競爭機制。
品牌戰略不僅僅是為了創造名牌,更是為了創造具有持久市場競爭優勢的品牌。有了強勢的品牌,才能形成強大的市場空間,盡可能地通過營銷組織獲得更大的銷售利潤。如果企業急功近利,過度地追求名牌效益,缺乏對未來市場戰略性的思考,勢必會造成重眼前、輕長遠的經營行為。
企業經營機制的建立可控因素較大,而市場的機制較難以掌控,因為市場是在不斷地變幻,消費觀念的變化、市場結構的變化、競爭格局的變化、社會局勢的變化等等,都可能使企業的營銷組織及策略發生變化。因此,企業的管理應以市場為導向,營銷組織及策略更應該以市場為導向,依據市場的不同時期,不同狀況,來進行調整。那麼,如何確立科學的營銷策略成為現代營銷組織探索的重要課題。企業管理是決策者思想及行為的體現,那麼市場管理應該是品牌戰略的集中體現。如果一個企業要想創造具有市場競爭優勢的產品,必須擬定正確的品牌戰略,從而全面展開企業的各項營銷活動,通過品牌傳達齊一的個性,一致的訊息以及採取統一的行動,這樣,才能贏得消費者對品牌的認知,獲得應有的市場效應。
產品的特徵、功能、價值是品牌的一部分,而品牌則會有形象、服務及消費者的認知、忠誠等因素,現代市場營銷的成功,不單單是指產品某一時期的營銷成功,而應該是為長期保持品牌競爭優勢的經營成功。整合不僅僅是集中和統一,更應該是創造品牌價值,才能達到長期持久的整合。所有的整合都應符合品牌戰略的宗旨,所有的營銷策略都應符合品牌戰略的方針及原則,這樣,才能進行有效的市場動態管理,依據品牌戰略,制訂不同時期,不同階段的營銷策略。通過品牌來保證策略的統一性、正確性、系統性。
營銷不是策略的羅列,而是戰略的具體表現,所有營銷策略的目標都是為實現品牌總體戰略目標服務的,品牌戰略具有指導性、長期性;營銷策略具有可操作性、階段性。營銷的各個策略應通過品牌來整合,這樣長此以往,才能創造優勢品牌,從而創造市場競爭優勢。因此,品牌戰略企劃必須有敏銳的市場分析,簡捷清晰的思考,並做出正確的判斷。面對激烈的市場競爭,企業應發展出相應的策略去創造市場,而不是一成不變地保守經營。我們相信,現代企業唯有創造具有競爭優勢的品牌方能立於不敗之地。
產品是工廠所生產的,品牌才是消費者所購買的。
擁有市場比擁有工廠更重要,我們經營的是品牌而非僅銷售產品。
產品極易過時落伍,但成功的品牌卻能持久不墜。
邁入品牌競爭時代,當前經濟界人士提出"邁入二十一世紀的入場券,生死悠關話名牌",但如何創造品牌,制訂品牌戰略,這應該是現今企業家所面臨的最為迫切的課題,但不管理論如何正確,都必須付諸於具體的實踐,沒有行動,就無法使理論變成現實。BIR品牌競爭解決之道,通過實戰經驗創立了一整套行之有效的品牌戰略企劃系統,把品牌競爭思想,形成具有系統的解決方案。相信,全新的觀念,定能引發全新的變革。
英文版!同樣的,我的一個已經創業哥們弄的。 英文的我回復在下面咯~